The real trick to self-defense involves preventing an attack before it happens, not violently defending oneself while the attack happens. That’s the wise advice from a great kidshealth.org article on self-defense. Although KidsHealth geared their advice towards teens, the rule applies to everyone.
As the article correctly says, many people think of self-defense as a karate kick to the groin or jab in the eyes of an attacker. But self-defense actually means doing everything possible to avoid fighting someone who threatens or attacks you. Self-defense is all about using your smarts – not your fists.
Also, the article mentions a great tip for late-night walking: A dog can provide protection by acting as both defender and alarm. By bringing a dog along, a walker can easily stay safe.